Active voice and passive voice / المبني للمعلوم والمبني للمجهول

مرحبا بكم /  welcome

  

Introduction: 

There are two special forms for verbs calledvoice:

1. Active voice
2. Passive voice

The active voice is the "normal" voice. This is the voice that we use most of the time.A feature of sentences in which the subject performs the action of the verb and the direct object is the goal or the recipient.

In passive sentences, the thing receiving the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing doing the action is optionally included near the end of the sentence. You can use the passive form if you think that the thing receiving the action is more important or should be emphasized. You can also use the passive form if you do not know who is doing the action or if you do not want to mention who is doing the action.

Rules: 

Active/Passive Voice Rules Chart

The object of the verb takes the position of Subject.The Subject of the verb in the active voice becomes the object and is usually preceeded by the preposition ‘by’.The tense of the verb in the passive voice remains the same as in the active voice.In the passive voice, third form of the verb is used.

Tense	Rules
Present Indefinite Tense	is/am/are + V3
Present Continuous Tense	is/am/are + being+V3;
Present Perfect Tense	has/have + been + V3
Past Indefinite Tense	was/were + V3
Past Continuous Tense	was/were + being +V3
Past Perfect Tense	had + been + V3;
Future Indefinite Tense ;	will/shall + be + V3
Future Perfect Tense	will/shall + have+been + V3
Modal Verb: will, shall, would should, can, could, may, might,must,ought to + V1	Modal Verb + be + V3
Infinity: to + V1	to be + V3
I, We, He, She, They are changed into	tome, us, him, her, them

Take care of singular and plural nature of nouns or pronouns. Verb/helping verb requires to be adjusted accordingly.

Interrogative sentences beginning with ‘wh’ words like what, why, when etc. thequestion word is retained in the beginning of the sentence. An interrogative sentence in theactive voice remains an interrogative in the passive form. An imperative sentence is a sentence showing order, or request. So, accordingly, in the passive voice, we say: You are requested/ordered/advised + infinive with ‘to’.

Sentences involving order/advice are preferably changed into passive by using the word‘let’ or ‘should’. Please close the door. You are requested to close the door. Save your soul. Your soul should be saved. Let your soul be saved. Do it. Let it be done. It should be done. In some sentence the subject is understood type. Here the subject has to be suppliedaccording to the context while changing them into active form. The thief was arrested. (by the police.)

Preoposition attached with the verbs in the active form continue to be attached with themeven in the passive form. Please listen to him. You are requested to listen to him. He turneddown my proposal. My proposal was tuned down by him.k In the case of a verb having two objects in Active Voice, either of them can be retained inthe passive. Hari gave me an apple. I was given an apple by Hari. An apple was given to me byHari.

Intransitive verbs do not have passive forms. I go to school. Go is intransitive verb. Sono passive form. What is done, cannot be undone. What people do, they cannot undo.

Quasi Passive Verbs: The rose smells sweet. The rose is sweet when smelt. Quinine tastes bitter. Quinine is bitter when tasted. Lemons taste sour. Lemons are sour when tasted.

With some verbs, preposition ‘by’ is not used. Like know (to), surprise (at), annoy (with),contain (in), vex (with), please (with), displease (at), alarm (at), line (with), throng (with).

Examples of Passive

Tense		Subject	Verb	Object
Simple Present	Active:	Rita	writes	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	is written	by Rita.
Simple Past	Active:	Rita	wrote	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	was written	by Rita.
Present Perfect	Active:	Rita	has written	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	has been written	by Rita.
Future I	Active:	Rita	will write	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	will be written	by Rita.
Hilfsverben	Active:	Rita	can write	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	can be written	by Rita.

Examples of Passive

Tense		Subject	Verb	Object
Present Progressive	Active:	Rita	is writing	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	is being written	by Rita.
Past Progressive	Active:	Rita	was writing	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	was being written	by Rita.
Past Perfect	Active:	Rita	had written	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	had been written	by Rita.
Future II	Active:	Rita	will have written	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	will have been written	by Rita.
Conditional I	Active:	Rita	would write	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	would be written	by Rita.
Conditional II	Active:	Rita	would have written	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	would have been written	by Rita.

Passive Sentences with Two Objects

Rewriting an active sentence with two objects in passive voice means that one of the two objects becomes the subject, the other one remains an object. Which object to transform into a subject depends on what you want to put the focus on.

	Subject	Verb	Object 1	Object 2
Active:	Rita	wrote	a letter	to me.
Passive:	A letter	was written	to me	by Rita.
Passive:	I	was written	a letter	by Rita.

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